lisation, or deterioration), together with the reasons for
those changes,

- the geographical area
concerned,

- the duration of the
occurence;

- the type of population
potentially sensitive to the occurrence;

- the precautions to be taken
by the sensitive population concerned.

 

 

ANNEX II

 

LIMIT VALUES FOR NITROGEN
DIOXIDE (NO2) AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOx) AND THE ALERT THRESHOLD FOR NITROGEN
DIOXIDE

I. Limit values for nitrogen
dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

Limit values must be
expressed in >ISO_7>ì>ISO_1>g/m3. The volume must be
standardised at a temperature of 293 °K and a pressure of 101,3 kPa.

>TABLE POSITION>

II. Alert threshold for
nitrogen dioxide

400
>ISO_7>ì>ISO_1>g/m3 measured over three consecutive hours at
locations representative of air quality over at least 100 km 2 or an entire
zone or agglomeration, whichever is the smaller.

III. Minimum details to be
made available to the public when the alert threshold for nitrogen dioxide is
exceedeed

Details to be made available
to the public should include at least:

- the date, hour and place of
the occurrence and the reasons for the occurrence, where known;

- any forecasts of:

- changes in concentrations
(improvement, stabilisation, or deterioration), together with the reasons for
those changes,

- the geographical area
concerned,

- the duration of the
occurrence;

- the type of population
potentially sensitive to the occurrence;

- the precautions to be taken
by the sensitive population concerned.

 

 

ANNEX III

 

 

LIMIT VALUES FOR PARTICULATE
MATTER (PM10)

>TABLE POSITION>

 

 

ANNEX IV

 

 

LIMIT VALUE FOR LEAD

>TABLE POSITION>

 

 

ANNEX V

 

DETERMINATION OF REQUIREMENTS
FOR ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2),
AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN (NOx), PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10) AND LEAD IN AMBIENT AIR
WITHIN A ZONE OR AGGLOMERATION

I. Upper and lower assessment
thresholds

The following upper and lower
assessment thresholds will apply:

(a) SULPHUR DIOXIDE

>TABLE POSITION>

(b) NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND
OXIDES OF NITROGEN

>TABLE POSITION>

(c) PARTICULATE MATTER

The upper and lower
assessment thresholds for PM10 are based on the indicative limit values for 1
January 2010.

>TABLE POSITION>

(d) LEAD

>TABLE POSITION>

II. Determination of
exceedances of upper and lower assessment thresholds

Exceedances of upper and
lower assessment thresholds must be determined on the basis of concentrations
during the previous five years where sufficient data are available. An
assessment threshold will be deemed to have been exceeded if during those five
years the total number of exceedances of the numerical concentration of the
threshold is more than three times the number of exceedances allowed each year.

Where fewer than five years'
data are available Member States may combine measurement campaigns of short
duration during the period of the year and at locations likely to be typical of
the highest pollution levels with results obtained from information from
emission inventories and modelling to determine exceedances of the upper and
lower assessment thresholds.

 

 

ANNEX VI

 

LOCATION OF SAMPLING POINTS
FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF
NITROGEN, PARTICULATE MATTER AND LEAD IN AMBIENT AIR

The following considerations
will apply to fixed measurement.

I. Macroscale siting

(a) Protection of human
health

Sampling points directed at
the protection of human health should be sited:

(i) to provide data on the
areas within zones and agglomerations where the highest concentrations occur to
which the population is likely to be directly or indirectly exposed for a
period which is significant in relation to the averaging period of the limit
value(s);

(ii) to provide data on
levels in other areas within the zones and agglomerations which are
representative of the exposure of the general population.

Sampling points should in
general be sited to avoid measuring very small micro-environments in their
immediate vicinity. As a guideline, a sampling point should be sited to be
representative of air quality in a surrounding area of no less than 200 m2 at
traffic-orientated sites and of several square kilometres at urban-background
sites.

Sampling points should also,
where possible, be representative of similar locations not in their immediate
vicinity.

Account should be taken of
the need to locate sampling points on islands, where that is necessary for the
protection of human health.

(b) Protection of ecosystems
and vegetation.

Sampling points targeted at
the protection of ecosystems or vegetation should be sited more than 20 km from
agglomerations or more than 5 km from other built-up areas, industrial
installations or motorways. As a guideline, a sampling point should be sited to
be representative of air quality in a surrounding area of at least 1000 km2. A
Member State may provide for a sampling point to be sited at a lesser distance
or to be representative of air quality in a less extended area, taking account
of geographical conditions.

Account should be taken of
the need to assess air quality on islands.

II. Microscale siting

The following guidelines
should be met as far as practicable:

- the flow around the inlet
sampling probe should be unrestricted without any obstructions affecting the
airflow in the vicinity of the sampler (normally some metres away from
buildings, balconies, trees, and other obstacles and at least 0,5 m from the
nearest building in the case of sampling points representing air quality at the
building line);

- in general, the inlet
sampling point should be between 1,5 m (the breathing zone) and 4 m above the
ground. Higher positions (up to 8 m) may be necessary in some circumstances.
Higher siting may also be appropriate if the station is representative of a
large area;

- the inlet probe should not
be positioned in the immediate vicinity of sources in order to avoid the direct
intake of emissions unmixed with ambient air;

- the sampler's exhaust
outlet should be positioned so that recirculation of exhaust air to the sampler
inlet is avoided;

- location of
traffic-orientated samplers:

- for all pollutants, such
sampling points should be at least 25 m from the edge of major junctions and at
least 4 m from the centre of the nearest traffic lane,

- for nitrogen dioxide,
inlets should be no more than 5 m from the kerbside,

- for particulate matter and
lead, inlets should be sited so as to be representative of air quality near to
the building line.

The following factors may
also be taken into account:

- interfering sources;

- security;

- access;

- availability of electrical
power and telephone communications;

- visibility of the site in
relation to its surroundings;

- safety of public and
operators;

- the desirability of
co-locating sampling points for different pollutants;

- planning requirements.

III. Documentation and review
of site selection

The site-selection procedures
should be fully documented at the classification stage by such means as
compass-point photographs of the surrounding area and a detailed map. Sites
should be reviewed at regular intervals with repeated documentation to ensure that
selection criteria remain valid over time.

 

 

ANNEX VII

 

CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING
MINIMUM NUMBERS OF SAMPLING POINTS FOR FIXED MEASUREMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF
SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2), NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2) AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN,
PARTICULATE MATTER AND LEAD IN AMBIENT AIR

I. Minimum number of sampling
points for fixed measurement to assess compliance with limit values for the
protection of human health and alert thresholds in zones and agglomerations
where fixed measurement is the sole source of information

(a) Diffuse sources

>TABLE POSITION>

(b) Point sources

For the assessment of
pollution in the vicinity of point sources, the number of sampling points for
fixed measurement should be calculated taking into account emission densities,
the likely distribution patterns of ambient-air pollution and the potential
exposure of the population.

II. Minimum number of
sampling points for fixed measurements to assess compliance with limit values
for the protection of ecosystems or vegetation in zones other than agglomerations

>TABLE POSITION>

In island zones the number of
sampling points for fixed measurement should be calculated taking into account
the likely distribution patterns of ambient-air pollution and the potential
exposure of ecosystems or vegetation.

 

 

ANNEX VIII

 

DATA-QUALITY OBJECTIVES AND
COMPILATION OF RESULTS OF AIR-QUALITY ASSESSMENT

I. Data-quality objectives

The following data-quality
objectives for the required accuracy of assessment methods, of minimum time
coverage and of data capture of measurement are laid down to guide
quality-assurance programmes.

>TABLE POSITION>

The accuracy of the
measurement is defined as laid down in the "Guide to the Expression of
Uncertainty of Measurements" (ISO 1993) or in ISO 5725-1 "Accuracy
(trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results" (1994). The
percentages in the table are given for individual measurements averaged, over
the period considered, by the limit value, for a 95 % confidence interval (bias
+ two times the standard deviation). The accuracy for continuous measurements
should be interpreted as being applicable in the region of the appropriate
limit value.

The accuracy for modelling
and objective estimation is defined as the maximum deviation of the measured
and calculated concentration levels, over the period considered by the limit
value, without taking into account the timing of the events.

The requirements for minimum
data capture and time coverage do not include losses of data due to the regular
calibration or the normal maintenance of the instrumentation.

By way of derogation, Member
States may apply random measurements instead of continuous measurements for
particulate matter and lead if they can demonstrate to the Commission that
accuracy within the 95 % confidence interval with respect to continuous
monitoring is within 10 %. Random sampling must be spread evenly over the year.

II. Results of air quality
assessment

The following information
should be compiled for zones or agglomerations within which sources other than
measurement are employed to supplement information from measurement or as the
sole means of air-quality assessment:

- a description of assessment
activities carried out;

- the specific methods used,
with references to descriptions of the method;

- the sources of data and
information;

- a description of results,
including accuracies and, in particular, the extent of any area or, if
relevant, the length of road within the zone or agglomeration over which
concentrations exceed limit value(s) or, as may be, limit value(s) plus
applicable margin(s) of tolerance and of any area within which concentrations
exceed the upper assessment threshold or the lower assessment threshold;

- for limit values the object
of which is the protection of human health, the population potentially exposed
to concentrations in excess of the limit value.

Where possible, Member States
should compile maps showing concentration distributions within each zone and
agglomeration.

III. Standardisation

For sulphur dioxide and
oxides of nitrogen the volume must be standardised at a temperature of 293 °K
and a pressure of 101,3 kPa.

 

 

ANNEX IX

 

REFERENCE METHODS FOR
ASSESSMENT OF CONCENTRATIONS OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE, NITROGEN DIOXIDE AND OXIDES OF
NITROGEN, PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2,5) AND LEAD

I. Reference method for the
analysis of sulphur dioxide:

ISO/FDIS 10498 (Standard in
draft) Ambient air - determination of sulphur dioxide - ultraviolet
fluorescence method.

A Member State may use any
other method which it can demonstrate gives results equivalent to the above
method.

II. Reference method for the
analysis of nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen:

ISO 7996: 1985 Ambient air -
determination of the mass concentrations of nitrogen oxides - chemiluminescence
method.

A Member State may use any
other method which it can demonstrate gives results equivalent to the above
method.

III.A Reference method for
the sampling of lead:

The reference method for the
sampling of lead will be that described in the Annex to Directive 82/884/EEC
until such time as the limit value in Annex IV to this Directive is to be met,
when the reference method will be that for PM10 as laid down in Section IV of
this Annex.

A Member State may use any
other method which it can demonstrate gives results equivalent to the above
method.

III.B Reference method for
the analysis of lead:

ISO 9855: 1993 Ambient air -
Determination of the particulate lead content of aerosols collected in filters.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy method.

A Member State may use any
other method which it can demonstrate gives results equivalent to the above
method.

IV. Reference method for the
sampling and measurement of PM10

The reference method for the
sampling and measurement of PM10 will be that described in EN 12341 "Air
Quality - Field Test Procedure to Demonstrate Reference Equivalence of Sampling
Methods for the PM10 fraction of