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goÊîäåêñû

goÒåõíè÷åñêîå ðåãóëèðîâàíèå

goÄîêóìåíòû Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Ìîñêâû

goÃÒÊ Ðîññèè

goÐîñïàòåíò

goÃîññòðîé Ðîññèè

goÒåõíè÷åñêèå êîìèòåòû

goÊëàññèôèêàòîðû

goÃîñóäàðñòâåííûå ñòàíäàðòû Ðîññèè

goÃîññòàíäàðò Ðîññèè

goÃîñêîìýêîëîãèÿ Ðîññèè

goÃîñêîìñàíýïèäíàäçîð Ðîññèè

goÃîñãîðòåõíàäçîð Ðîññèè

goÌ×Ñ Ðîññèè

goÌèíýíåðãî Ðîññèè

goÌèíòðóä Ðîññèè

goÌèíòðàíñ Ðîññèè

goÂåòåðèíàðíî-ñàíèòàðíûå ïðàâèëà

goÌèíñåëüõîç Ðîññèè

goÌèíñâÿçè Ðîññèè

goÌÏÑ Ðîññèè

goÌÏÐ Ðîññèè

goÑàíÏèÍ, ÃÍ, ÌÓÊ, ÏÄÊ, ÎÁÓÂ

goÌèíçäðàâ Ðîññèè

goÌÂÄ Ðîññèè

goÄîêóìåíòû ìåæäóíàðîäíûõ îðãàíèçàöèé

goÏðàâèëà è ïîðÿäêè ñåðòèôèêàöèè îäíîðîäíûõ âèäîâ ïðîäóêöèè

goÄîêóìåíòû Ñèñòåìû ñåðòèôèêàöèè ÃÎÑÒ Ð

goÎñíîâîïîëàãàþùèå äîêóìåíòû ïî ñåðòèôèêàöèè

goÄîêóìåíòû Ïðàâèòåëüñòâà Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè

goÇàêîíû Ðîññèéñêîé Ôåäåðàöèè

goÓòðàòèëè ñèëó èëè îòìåíåíû


óòðè│              │

│              │àêòèâíîé  çîíû 
ðåàêòîðîâ,   êàê  îíè│              │

│              │îïðåäåëåíû â ïóíêòå
2.1.1            │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│              │Ïîÿñíèòåëüíîå
çàìå÷àíèå.             │              │

│              │Ýêñïîðòíîìó êîíòðîëþ ïî
ýòîìó  ïóíêòó│              │

│              │ïîäëåæèò   îáîðóäîâàíèå,  ðàçìåùàåìîå│             


│              │êàê âíóòðè,  òàê è âíå àêòèâíîé çîíû,│              │

│              │êîòîðîå    ïðèãîäíî  
äëÿ   èçìåðåíèÿ│              │

│              │âûñîêèõ óðîâíåé  ïîòîêîâ, 
îáû÷íî  îò│              │

│              │1E4    
íåéòðîí/ñì2.ñ     äî     1E10│              │

│              │íåéòðîí/ñì2.ñ è âûøå. Ê
îáîðóäîâàíèþ,│             


│              │ðàçìåùàåìîìó   âíå  
àêòèâíîé   çîíû,│              │

│              │îòíîñèòñÿ  îáîðóäîâàíèå,  ðàçìåùåííîå│              │

│              │âíóòðè   áèîëîãè÷åñêîé   çàùèòû   âíå│              │

│              │àêòèâíîé  çîíû 
ðåàêòîðîâ,  êàê   îíè│              │

│              │îïðåäåëåíû â ïóíêòå
2.1.1.           │              │

│              │                                     │              │

│2.2.          │Íåÿäåðíûå ìàòåðèàëû äëÿ
ðåàêòîðîâ:   │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│2.2.1.        │Äåéòåðèé è òÿæåëàÿ âîäà              │2845 10 000 0;│

│              │Äåéòåðèé, òÿæåëàÿ    
âîäà     (îêèñü│2845 90 100
0 │

│              │äåéòåðèÿ)  è 
ëþáîå äðóãîå ñîåäèíåíèå│              │

│              │äåéòåðèÿ,   â   
êîòîðîì    îòíîøåíèå│              │

│              │äåéòåðèÿ  ê àòîìàì âîäîðîäà ïðåâûøàåò│              │

│              │1:5000,      ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûå      äëÿ│              │

│              │èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ  â 
ÿäåðíûõ  ðåàêòîðàõ,│              │

│              │êàê îíè îïðåäåëåíû â
ïóíêòå 2.1.1    │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│2.2.2.        │ßäåðíî - ÷èñòûé ãðàôèò               │3801          │

│              │Ãðàôèò, èìåþùèé ñòåïåíü
÷èñòîòû  âûøå│              │

│              │5-ìèëëèîííûõ  áîðíîãî ýêâèâàëåíòà,  ñ│              │

│              │ïëîòíîñòüþ áîëüøå,  ÷åì 
1,50  ã/êóá.│              │

│              │ñì, ïðåäíàçíà÷åííûé äëÿ
èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ│             


│              │â   ÿäåðíûõ  
ðåàêòîðàõ,   êàê    îíè│              │

│              │îïðåäåëåíû â ïóíêòå 2.1.1            │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│              │Ïîÿñíèòåëüíîå
çàìå÷àíèå.             │              │

│              │Çíà÷åíèå áîðíîãî    ýêâèâàëåíòà     â│             


│              │ìèëëèîííûõ  
äîëÿõ  (ÁÝ)  ìîæåò 
áûòü│              │

│              │îïðåäåëåíî    ýêñïåðèìåíòàëüíî    èëè│             


│              │ðàññ÷èòàíî  êàê ñóììà çíà÷åíèé áîðíûõ│              │

│              │ýêâèâàëåíòîâ ïðèìåñåé (ÁÝ
),  âêëþ÷àÿ│              │

│              │                         z           │              │

│              │áîð è èñêëþ÷àÿ ÁÝ  óãëåðîäà 
(óãëåðîä│             


│              │íå  ðàññìàòðèâàåòñÿ êàê ïðèìåñü),  ïî│              │

│              │ôîðìóëå:                             │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│              │(ÁÝ )    = [(s x À ) / (s x A )] x   │              │

│              │   z ppm     
z   b      b   z       │              │

│              │                                     │              │

│              │x Z   ,                              │              │

│              │   ppm                               │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│              │ãäå:                                 │              │

│              │s è s - çíà÷åíèÿ
ýôôåêòèâíîãî ñå÷åíèÿ│             


│              │ b   z                               │              │

│              │çàõâàòà òåïëîâûõ  íåéòðîíîâ 
(â áàðí)│             


│              │ïðèðîäíîãî   áîðà  
è   ýëåìåíòà   Z,│              │

│              │ñîîòâåòñòâåííî;                      │              │

│              │À  è A 
-  çíà÷åíèÿ    àòîìíûõ  
ìàññ│              │

│              │ b    z                              │              │

│              │ïðèðîäíîãî áîðà    è   
ýëåìåíòà   Z,│              │

│              │ñîîòâåòñòâåííî;                      │              │

│              │Z   - 
êîíöåíòðàöèÿ  ýëåìåíòà   Z  
â│              │

│              │ ppm                                 │              │

│              │äîëÿõ íà ìèëëèîí.                    │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│2.3.          │Ñïåöèàëüíî ðàçðàáîòàííûå          èëè│             


│              │ïîäãîòîâëåííûå       óñòàíîâêè      è│             


│              │îáîðóäîâàíèå     äëÿ     
ïåðåðàáîòêè│             


│              │îáëó÷åííûõ òîïëèâíûõ
ýëåìåíòîâ:      │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│              │Ââîäíûå çàìå÷àíèÿ.                   │              │

│              │Ïðè ïåðåðàáîòêå
îáëó÷åííîãî  ÿäåðíîãî│              │

│              │òîïëèâà ïëóòîíèé è óðàí
îòäåëÿþòñÿ îò│             


│              │âûñîêîàêòèâíûõ  ïðîäóêòîâ 
äåëåíèÿ  è│              │

│              │äðóãèõ  òðàíñóðàíîâûõ ýëåìåíòîâ.  Äëÿ│              │

│              │òàêîãî        ðàçäåëåíèÿ        ìîãóò│             


│              │èñïîëüçîâàòüñÿ              ðàçëè÷íûå│              │

│              │òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå
ïðîöåññû,  îäíàêî  ñî│              │

│              │âðåìåíåì    ïðîöåññ  
"Ïóðåêñ"   ñòàë│              │

│              │íàèáîëåå      ðàñïðîñòðàíåííûì      è│              │

│              │ïðèåìëåìûì.   Ýòîò 
ïðîöåññ  âêëþ÷àåò│              │

│              │ðàñòâîðåíèå   îáëó÷åííîãî    ÿäåðíîãî│             


│              │òîïëèâà    â   
àçîòíîé   êèñëîòå   ñ│              │

│              │ïîñëåäóþùèì     âûäåëåíèåì     óðàíà,│             


│              │ïëóòîíèÿ    è   
ïðîäóêòîâ    äåëåíèÿ│              │

│              │ýêñòðàêöèåé
ðàñòâîðèòåëåì  ñ  ïîìîùüþ│              │

│              │òðèáóòèëôîñôàòà     â   
îðãàíè÷åñêîì│              │

│              │ðàçáàâèòåëå.
Òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèå ïðîöåññû│             


│              │íà ðàçëè÷íûõ óñòàíîâêàõ
òèïà "Ïóðåêñ"│             


│              │àíàëîãè÷íû  è 
âêëþ÷àþò:  èçìåëü÷åíèå│              │

│              │îáëó÷åííûõ    òîïëèâíûõ    ýëåìåíòîâ,│             


│              │ðàñòâîðåíèå    òîïëèâà,    ýêñòðàêöèþ│             


│              │ðàñòâîðèòåëåì        è       õðàíåíèå│             


│              │òåõíîëîãè÷åñêîé    æèäêîñòè.    Ìîæåò│             


│              │èìåòüñÿ   
òàêæå   îáîðóäîâàíèå   äëÿ│              │

│              │òåïëîâîé  äåíèòðàöèè 
íèòðàòà  óðàíà,│              │

│              │êîíâåðñèè  íèòðàòà 
ïëóòîíèÿ  â îêèñü│              │

│              │èëè ìåòàëë,  à 
òàêæå  äëÿ  îáðàáîòêè│              │

│              │æèäêèõ  îòõîäîâ, 
ñîäåðæàùèõ ïðîäóêòû│             


│              │äåëåíèÿ,    äî   
ïîëó÷åíèÿ    ôîðìû,│              │

│              │ïðèãîäíîé     äëÿ   
ïðîäîëæèòåëüíîãî│             


│              │õðàíåíèÿ  èëè  
çàõîðîíåíèÿ.   Îäíàêî│              │

│              │êîíêðåòíûå    òèïû  
è   êîíôèãóðàöèÿ│              │

│              │îáîðóäîâàíèÿ,    âûïîëíÿþùåãî     ýòè│             


│              │ôóíêöèè,    ìîãóò   
ðàçëè÷àòüñÿ   íà│              │

│              │ðàçëè÷íûõ óñòàíîâêàõ òèïà "Ïóðåêñ"
ïî│              │

│              │íåñêîëüêèì  ïðè÷èíàì, 
âêëþ÷àÿ òèïû è│             


│              │êîëè÷åñòâî    îáëó÷åííîãî    ÿäåðíîãî│             


│              │òîïëèâà,  ïîäëåæàùåãî ïåðåðàáîòêå,  è│   
          │

│              │ïðåäïîëàãàåìûé   ïðîöåññ   
îñàæäåíèÿ│             


│              │èçâëåêàåìûõ   ìàòåðèàëîâ,   à   òàêæå│              │

│              │ïðèíöèïû îáåñïå÷åíèÿ  áåçîïàñíîñòè  è│             


│              │òåõíè÷åñêîãî  îáñëóæèâàíèÿ,  ïðèñóùèå│             


│              │êîíñòðóêöèè äàííîé   óñòàíîâêè.   Ýòè│             


│              │ïðîöåññû,  âêëþ÷àÿ ïîëíûå ñèñòåìû äëÿ│              │

│              │êîíâåðñèè  ïëóòîíèÿ 
è   ïðîèçâîäñòâà│              │

│              │ìåòàëëè÷åñêîãî  ïëóòîíèÿ, 
ìîãóò áûòü│             


│              │èäåíòèôèöèðîâàíû      ïî      
ìåðàì,│             


│              │ïðèíèìàåìûì     äëÿ   
ïðåäîòâðàùåíèÿ│             


│              │îïàñíîñòåé  â 
ñâÿçè  ñ  êðèòè÷íîñòüþ│              │

│              │(íàïðèìåð,   ìåðàìè,  
ñâÿçàííûìè   ñ│              │

│              │ãåîìåòðèåé),  îáëó÷åíèåì  
(íàïðèìåð,│             


│              │ïóòåì    çàùèòû  
îò   îáëó÷åíèÿ)   è│              │

│              │òîêñè÷íîñòüþ 
(íàïðèìåð,  ìåðàìè   ïî│              │

│              │óäåðæàíèþ).                          │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│2.3.1.        │Óñòàíîâêè äëÿ ïåðåðàáîòêè  îáëó÷åííûõ│              │

│              │òîïëèâíûõ ýëåìåíòîâ                  │              │

│              │Óñòàíîâêè äëÿ  ïåðåðàáîòêè îáëó÷åííûõ│              │

│              │òîïëèâíûõ     ýëåìåíòîâ      âêëþ÷àþò│             


│              │îáîðóäîâàíèå  è 
êîìïîíåíòû,  êîòîðûå│              │

│              │îáû÷íî íàõîäÿòñÿ â ïðÿìîì
êîíòàêòå  ñ│              │

│              │îáëó÷åííûì   òîïëèâîì  
è   îñíîâíûìè│              │

│              │òåõíîëîãè÷åñêèìè  ïîòîêàìè  
ÿäåðíîãî│             


│              │ìàòåðèàëà   è   ïðîäóêòîâ 
äåëåíèÿ  è│              │

│              │íåïîñðåäñòâåííî óïðàâëÿþò
èìè        │              │

│              │                                    
│              │

│2.3.2.        │Ñïåöèàëüíî ðàçðàáîòàííîå          èëè│              │

│              │ïîäãîòîâëåííîå    îáîðóäîâàíèå    äëÿ│             


│              │èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ   íà  
óñòàíîâêàõ   äëÿ│              │

│              │ïåð

Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.1Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.2ñòð.3Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.4Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.5Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.6Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.7Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.8Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.9Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.10Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.11Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.12Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.13Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.14Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.15Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.16Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.17Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.18Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.19Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.20Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.21Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.22Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.23Ïåðåéòè íà ñòð.24